Process for mixing and preparing hydraulic cement concrete and the product thereof.



"COATING OR PLASTIC.

UNITED STATES PATENT OFFICE.

LOGAN WALLER PAGE, OF WASHINGTON, DISTRICT OF COLUMBIA.

PROCESS FOR MIXING AND PREPARING HYDRAULIC CEMENT CONCRETE AND THEPRODUCT THEREOF.

No Drawing.

Specification of Letters Patent.

Application filed April 26, 1911.

Patented Aug. 15, 1911.

Serial No. 623,804.

(DEDICATED TO THE PUBLIC.)

To all whom it may concern:

Be it known that I, LOGAN IVALLER Pass,

a citizen of the United States, residing in the city of \Vashington,District of Columbia, and an officer of the Department of Agriculture ofthe United States of America, whose post-oflice address is \Vashington,District of Columbia, have invented a new. and useful Process for Mixingand Preparing Hydraulic Cement Concrete and theProdiTcit'Tliereofpofwhich the following is a Specification.

This application is made under the act of March 3, 1883, chapter 143 (22Stat, and the invention herein described and claimed may be used by theGovernment of the United States or any of its oflicers or employees inthe prosecution of work for the United States, or by any person in theUnited States, withoutthe payment of any royalty thereon.

The invention relates to the process of mixing or mingling anon-volatile mineral -oil or oil residuum )referablv such as have 25; ashe v or reasy ase su cient v viscous or Ziimd to How readily, withordinary cement .mortar or concrete mixtures e ore iey ave iarc ene intoa rock-like substance.

My invention has for its object an improvement in the final productformed after the hydraulic cement mixtures or concrete mixtures have setand hardened in the usual well-known manner.

It has heretofore been believed that the intermingling of oil withcement or cement concrete before these materials have hardened, in sucha way as to bring about an improvement in the final product, wasimpracticable. I have discovered that this inter- 4Q' mingling of oiland oil residuum (and. I may use the term oilthroughouttoinclude both)can be done without materially interfering with the natural hardeningproperties of the hydraulic cement, and that the hardened productproduced by my method is better adapted than ordinary cement concretefor many of the ordinary uses to which such material has been put. Tocite specifically the improvement in my method over others of a similarcharacter I may state that I have discovered that such mixtures yieldproducts more impervious and resistant to the action of water thanordinary cement concrete, and furthermore, that the products obtained bymy method when I use a tough oil are more resilie ndtoughgr.

consider my invention particularly well adapted for waterproofing andfor the construction of road surfaces, but I do not confine its use tothose particular purposes, as the same is adapted for use for anypurpose which requires the use of waterproofed material.

In carrying out. my process I may operate to bring about the desiredresult, as hereinafter explained. The cement of the usual mixture ofcement and sand or the mixture of cement, sand and broken stone, orother mineral aggregates such as gravel, is mixed or tempered with asuitable amount 01' water to the desired consistency in the usua weknown way. hen this mixture has been brought to a homogeneous conditiona suitable quantity of the oil, or oil residuum, is poured on or intothe mixture which is then mixed in the usual way and until the resultingmass is again rendered homogeneous. I produce an emulsion of the oil andthe emulsification should itself be effected in the concrete immediatelyafter mixing, the free alkali present acting as an emulsifier. Alkali isusually present in cement in quantity sufiicient to effect thisemulsification. If not, a little alkali may be added. i before mixingthe concrete. The oilthen 8h emulsifies rapidly and thoroughly mixes 3"with thetither ingredients and becomes permanently and evenlyincorporated therewith. This homogeneous mass is then to be used in anymanner desired or according to the methods in common use for laying ormolding ordinary cement. concrete.

I prefer to use a quantity of oil egpal to fronr tj to 25 )er cent. ofthe w'i'gia 0 ccment'use ut 0 not limit myself to these proportionsinasnn ch "as in some cases I may prefer to use eithe1 less or more.

I may in some instances add the oil to the water, preferably madealkaline, before the latter is added to the concrete.

The proportion of oil may vary within wide limits. The repellent natureof the oil or bitumen keeps the concrete waterproof and its toughnesswhen a suitable oil is used gives the same quality to the concrete. 105

The bitumen or oil fills the voids left by warmed.

the set cement binder and to a greater or less extent possibly helps tohold together the sand aggregate. I may in many cases get a resultsufficiently good by using too little oil or bitumen to effectcompletely the filled result indicated. If I use too much, on the otherhand, I am apt to interfere with the proper setting of the cement asparticles of the latter may be thus isolated, floating as it were in amenstruum of the oil. The proportion of oil is dependent upon thepurpose preferable, those of the non-volati e variety being preferable.

Although Portland ement has been chiefly referred to, I hav e discoveredthat oil of the kind indicated can be added with similarly good resultsto all other cements and mortars having hydraulic qualities and whichgive an alkaline reaction such a. hydraulic lime. natural cement. lasterof o magnesia an a a me avmg thus described my invention, what I claimis:

1. The process of preparing hydraulic cementconcrete which consists inmixing cement, sand, aggregate and water in the usual way and thenadding to such mixture before it begins to set a quantity of nonvola- Itile mineral oil.

2. The process of preparing a hydraulic cement mixture which consistslIl mixing 'j the cement with water in the usual way and i in thenadding thereto, before it begins to set, a quantity of non-volatilemineral oil.

3. The process of preparing hydraulic cement concrete which consists inmixing cement, sand, aggregate and water in the usual way and in thenadding to such mixture before it begins to set a non-volatile mineraloil in quantity not exceeding twenty-five per cent. of the cement.

4E. The product which consists in a set hydraulic cementconcretecontaining a nonvolatile mineral oil, the oil having been added afterthe concrete was mixed and before it began to set.

5. The product which consists in a set cement aggregate containing anon-volatile mineral oil, the oil having been added after the cement,sand, and aggregate have been mixed with water and before the cementbegan to set.

In testimony whereof I aflix my signature in the presence of twosubscribed wltnesses.

LOGAN WALLER PAGE. Witnesses PAUL D. SARGENT, J. M. BECHTOLD.

Copies of this patent may be obtained for five cents each, by addressingthe Commissioner of Patents, Washington, D. C.

